A1 Pre-Production Report
Pre-Production is a must have in the beginning of making a film. Pre-Production involves researching for your film, organising the locations, actors, finances, storyboarding etc. This is why you will not be able to start filming until you have finished all of these steps; you’ll have a deadline that will have to be met which is also a part of all the pre-production. There are many types of production such as film, television, audio, digital publishing and games. These all have to involve Pre-Production otherwise it will not work.
A1 Finance
Sources of finance
Within Finance of Pre-Production, you have the sources of finances, which are Private sectors, Public sectors and Joint sectors. The private sector is the segment of the national economy that is owned, controlled, managed by private individuals or enterprises. The private sector is focused on making profit. In the private sector, there is a lot of competition that can influence prices and quality of the products.
The public sector is the segment of the national economy that is owned by the government that engaged in the activities of providing government goods and services to the public. The private sector focused on the general purpose and providing services for their citizens. Politics can have a huge impact on the public sector because the public sector is accountable to the public they produce a lot of paperwork to justify their actions. It can take some time but goods and services from the public sector are quite safe.
The similarities between these two sectors are; they both deliver goods and services, both have to work with the framework of the law, both employ citizens and both are customer orientated.
Requirements of finance
A1 Logistics
Time
Time involves deadlines, availability of equipment, availability of personnel and timescales. All of these are very important in terms of Pre-Production, and without them, it would be near impossible. Deadlines are the date or time you set for an objective to be finished this could be writing your budget, creating a crew, finding locations and booking them, creating meetings and talks and creating script breakdown. Creating a deadline for all of these objectives gives you a smooth operation however; your production manager alongside with your help could deal with most of these. To help with deadlines it is a good idea to keep a log or a calendar to give a visual representation of all of your plans. If you don’t create any deadlines then you wont know what time periods you’ll need certain people or equipment for as you don’t want to be hiring people and equipment for too long unless you really need them as this will come out of your budget. Your plan will get confusing for you and everyone else then your film production will not run smoothly at all.
Availability of equipment involves all the equipment you require for your film shoot and the access of that equipment. You might need lights, light stands, generators, cameras, microphones, a boom, filters, diffusion material, grip stand etc. You can rent or buy your equipment however if you rent it then you will only have a certain amount of time to use it so if you find out that you need it for a longer time and you have gone past the deadline then that piece of equipment may no longer be available.
Availability of personnel includes everyone in the crew for example make-up artists, hair stylists, production assistant, director of photography, location audio artists, a gaffer etc. There is no definite amount of crew that you need, you can just have the smallest amount of crew members with the main roles that are important to you, this is called a skeleton crew. A skeleton crew uses the smallest amount of personnel needed to use all the equipment and simple operating requirements, during filming at the same time keeping all the functions operating smoothly. You need to make sure you have at least the essential people in your crew making a skeleton crew otherwise when it comes to a specialised job you need to complete and you realise you haven’t hired anyone to complete it then you don’t know who can be hired on such short notice and it will be risky to leave it until you need them. And if no one can fill this role then the job may not be completed.
Facilities
Production equipment refers to all of the equipment required to shoot everything on a film set. This includes equipment such as lights, light stands, generator, gels, filters, diffusion, grip stands, reflectors, and grip accessories. For your cameras you may need stock for media, filters, lenses, tripods, and lenses. To move your cameras, you’ll need a dolly, track, and accessories such as wedges. If you don’t have the correct equipment you need for your cameras then you might not be able to get the look of the film that you were hoping for or it may not be possible to get the shots or angles you wanted. The equipment you need to shoot the sound for your film includes a sound recording unit, headphones, microphones, mic holders, cables, a boom, and a wind shield. Again, if you don’t have the accessories needed to shoot your sound you won’t get the sound you were looking for. Post-production equipment covers the various technical phases after the production to bring all of the separate factors of your film together. These phases include picture edit, sound edit, visual effects, grading, and titling. To edit your picture, you will need an AVID media composer, apple final cut pro, and Adobe premier. Editing software also adds towards the look and sound of the film and without it you won’t achieve the correct look you want. The facilities you need to edit your sound include Steinburg nuendo, AVID pro tools, and audacity. A higher end of facilities will give you much better effects to your film. Facility houses are companies that hire out a variety of equipment for film, television, and video production. Props houses are companies that hire out a variety of props for video production (sometimes for theatre and film interchangeably).
Sourcing a variety of essential items need to be sourced from camera related facilities to props and vehicles. The Cost of facilities is your budget you have to spend on all of the above. The more money you have for your budget than the better quality you’ll get for your film.
Locations
A recce is essential for locations, they scout for contributors and scout for locations that are suitable to use in your film. It is a good idea to have a large number of recces hired at one time because they will split of and find different locations and other factors of you film; this will give you a broader range of information for you to plan your filming schedule and script. Once your recce has found a location you are happy with you will have to run a risk assessment, which is a document saying the locations are safe to film. Risk assessments are a key part of pre-production because without them you will not be able to fil a certain scene in the location you want because it is unsafe.
For the best health and safety, you must be able to control the risks while filming to prevent danger. You have to make sure everyone is safe while filming, this includes the public. A hazard that could be a problem is access to the scene, if it’s a busy road you will need to get a permit to block the road while you’re filming to prevent someone getting into a car accident and keep the public away if it is a dangerous scene. Another hazard could be the weather, if there is a storm and someone is in danger of being injured then you might have to either change the date of filming or try to prevent him or her from being harmed somehow. A limitation that will need to be considered is distance. It will be a struggle if a location is further away than you wanted because you will need to transport everything and everyone to the location.
Personnel
Personnel is everyone you need to hire for every department of your film production, this includes actors as well. These are the main types of personnel, for example technical crew, actors, extras, and contributors. Technical crew involves Stage Manager, Production Manager, Rigging, Lighting, Sound, and Technical Directors. The crew could also involve other important roles that aren’t mentioned. In all of their areas of expertise and responsibility they make sure that everything is running smoothly.
Big or medium budget films have a casting director they’re usually hired to find the talent and the best parts of the actors. However, sometimes a script is written for specific actors or with particular actors in mind on the A list of talent. Directors usually want a certain actor for the protagonist role, this actor then becomes involved in that project of the production. Extras are background actors or extra usually has a non-speaking role in a film, television programme or even stage musical, for example, in the street or in an audience. War or action films often hire a large number of extras in their films because there will be a large background that they have to fill the space with. On a film or TV set extras are also known as “junior artist”, “atmosphere” and “background talent”. The different types of contributors are; specialists, experts, talents and public.
Specialists are people with advanced skillsets in particular areas. They are often hired to oversee high technical operations. They also train people when specialised skills need to be learned in a short period of time. They also undertake key production roles. During the development stages of a project the producer will hire experts to make sure that the representations of things such as individuals, types, groups, places and activities are constructed so they are authentic and accurate. A talent on a film are the specialist performers such as singers, dancers and actors. The word talents are often referred to A list celebrities and those performers who have been cast in principle roles. Public contributors are public bodies and also random people from the public who are contacted to play a role in the film. A city may let production proceed by allowing and supporting the filming company within certain limits. They will also sometimes collect a group of the public to gather up to fill space in the scene making sure it’s more realistic.
Materials
Materials are any physical or digital artefacts used in filming. This includes what you have generated yourself including archive footage and library materials such as sound, files and video footage. There are many types of materials these are; original materials, archive and library materials, photo library materials, sound library materials, internet, assets, audio, script, animatic, graphics, interviews, costume, properties, recorded music. Original materials refer to ‘in house’ which means your own production team has generated them. The advantages of making props ‘in house’ are that they can be as specific as you want them to be; they are made to fit a particular space in your film and can look however, you want them to.
Archives can be published and unpublished; they can be in any format such as letters, manuscripts or photograph and the digital equivalent to these. The Internet opens so many doorways for film production. It allows us to do mass research in efficient timing. The internet allows us to gain access to materials to see how they look and how we can get hold of them or someone who can make them. Internet also allows low budget films to get hold of copyright free recordings and use them for their own films. Interviews can be vital throughout production; the first interviews you may conduct is finding the right people to fit the roles in your team. Interviews will also allow you to gather a testimony before your production. If you don’t conduct your interviews properly or at all then you won’t know the people you hire, what’s going on during production and what to expect in the future of your entire film. In your film production, you will want to hire the best property master or prop(S) master. They are responsible for all of the factors that go into acquiring or even creating the props that you want in your film. If you do not hire someone who is experienced, then this can cause a lot of trouble for the look of your film. An experienced prop master will do their research into how the scenes should look so they can allocate the correct props in them. For example, if your scenes are set in the 1800’s then they will carry out a large amount of historical research to make sure everything looks as realistic as possible. Costume is also a very important part of this. A large amount of time will go into the costume design. Various people to make sure everything is perfect because it is as important as the props and they may even have to match will oversee it. The same would happen if you don’t hire an experienced costume designer, they might not provide the costumes you wanted in the right time you need them. They might also not do their research and the costumes will be unrealistic to the setting that your scene is.
A1 Adherence to codes of practice and regulations
Clearances
Clearances are used to allow you to film in certain locations, they similar to a permit. Without having clearances to film then It would be illegal which would be called gorilla filming. It is illegal because it is private property, so if you started to film on the property without permission from the owner then you could be prosecuted for it as it could be considered as trespassing.
Legal
The basic principles of copyright law in the United Kingdom state that Proprietors have the right to protect and preserve their intellectual property and control and control how it is used and distributed. In many cases the proprietor bears the right to be identified as the author of the work. Intellectual property is the names of your products or brands such as your inventions, the design or look of your products, things you write, make or produce. The consequence is substantial for copyright infringement, the penalty is decided by the magistrates’ courts and can either be a fine leading up to £50,000, 6 months in prison or both.
Another legal side of pre-production of media is health and safety. If there is a hazard or danger on set and something happens to harm anyone in your crew or even the public then that is a huge problem.
Regulations
The Independent Press Standards Organisation is the independent regulator for the newspaper and magazine industry in the UK. They hold newspapers and magazines to account for their actions, protect individual rights, uphold high standards of journalism and help to maintain freedom of expression for the press.
A trade union is legal unit or legal person hood. A legal representative within the union matters with the laws and rights of the union.
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